up

Intro

Ubuntu seems to be the data science standard now.

Stuff to do with Ubuntu 22.04

• Install net-tools
• to get colored vim you might need to install vim
  • sudo apt install
• Install Chrome - login with gmail account to sync links
• Install Miniconda - Deactivate base activation in miniconda
• Install openssh-server
• Setup sshkeys

Terminal windows

• You pretty much do all system stuff via the terminal with good old Linux commands
• Ctrl-Shift-V to paste

Installing Chrome

• The automatic installd did not work
• Downloaded the deb package (google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb) from google into ~/Downloads
• Installed gdebi with sudo apt-get install gdebi
• Installed chrome with sudo gdebi -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
• Found “Google Chrome” in /usr/share/applications

Drivers

• You can see your driver version with cat /proc/driver/nvidia/version
• You can also see it with nvidia-smi if you have Cuda installed on windows or Ubuntu (but not on L4T apparently)
• You can set the drivers via the GUI
  • Select System & Updates - a dialog will then open up
  • Then select the Additional Drivers Tab
  • It claims the NVIDIA binary drivers are open source but I have my doubts.

RDP (Remote Deskttop from Windows)

• For a long time this did not work at all as Ubuntu uses a Desktop Environment as opposed to a window manager.
• There are two ways to do remote desktop, VNC or RDP (the latter is kind of Windows specific and has better graphics than Generic VNC which is JPEG vased).
• TigerVNC (derived from the older TightVNC) apparently supports RDP too.
• Install xrdp
• Install TigerVNC on Ubuntu (https://github.com/TigerVNC/tigervnc/releases)
• TigerVNC Ubuntu Install instructions
• Note that in bintray there are binaries just fur Ubuntu
• Had to install with gdebi to get the dependencies installed.
• Useful post setting screen size is here

Scripts

• write scripts and dump then in your ~/bin directory to save typing
• begin then with #!/bin/bash remember “shebang bin bash”
• you can’t used them to change directory unless you run them in your shell with a dot command like . cdobjdet

VNC

• Finally got something working, but it is not great.

Ubuntu:

• installed mir on Ubuntu with sudo apt-get install unity8-desktop-session-mir
• this was a heavy install that apparently installs the unity8 desktop (although I did not see it)
• Changed the configuration to enable remote desktop with “dconf-editor”
• under org.gnome.desktop.remote-access set the “enabled” checkbox
• You then get a connection, but the tiger vncclient complains there is no matching encription
• you can get a connection by settting “require-encryption” above to false
• Left it disabled for now
• Next steps: substitute tigervnc for vino-server

Windows:

• Installed tigervnc on windows
• used the tigervnc “vncviewer” to connect to the server addess and port 5900

NoMachine

• I gave up on all that VNC stuff when I found NoMachine.
• It has a client, start in Windows with Windows Key and then type “NoMachine”
• It is commercial, but free for home use

NoMachine Screen Modes (in order)

• Viewport model
  • The remote pixels are displayed 1-1 in your NM window.
  • Pros:
    • No distortion, no blurring
  • Cons:
    • can’t full size like you can with RDP terminal
  • Scale to Window
  • Resize remote display
  • Fullscreen
  • Fullscreen on all monitors
  • iconize
  • Change settings
    • Quality/speed tradeof
    • Resolutions (can go from 640x480 to 1920x1080)
    • Options
      • disable networ-adaptive display quality etc. Request a frame rate

Misc Unix commands

• find a library file - find / -name lib*
• find a library file locally - find . -name lib*
• grep stuff files - grep -r tqdm *.py .
• find files with a mask - find . -path "*/src/*.h"
• find files with masks - find . -path '*/src/*.h' -o -path '*/src/*.cpp'
• find files and pipe to grep - find . -path '*/src/*.h' -exec grep PATTERN {} \;
• same with filename and line - find . -path '*/src/*.h' -exec grep -Hn PATTERN {} \;
  • see this https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/131535/recursive-grep-vs-find-type-f-exec-grep-which-is-more-efficient-faster
• Another example of finding with grep: find . -path '*.mk' -type f -exec grep -i 'UBUNTU_PKG_NAME =' {} +
• After finding things we need to change: find . -path '*.mk' -type f -exec sed -i 's/nvidia-367/nvidia-384/g' {} \;
• change field 3 to AD - awk '{$3 = "AD"; print}' infile > outfile
• lookin in markdown for a whole word pattern ‘iot’ with file name and line number – find . -name '*.md' -exec grep -Hn -w iot {} \;
• count how many hits – find . -name '*.md' -exec grep -w iot {} \; | wc -l
• ls just directories: ls -d */

File manager

• Under Ubuntu it is called nautilus
• If it doesn’t open, try killing the process and restarting
• for command line too long
  • for f in *.pdf; do chmod 664 "$f"; done

Terminal Window

• Note that the “super” key is the “windows” key in the docs.
• Open Terminal Window - Ctrl-Alt-T
• Paste into Terminal Window - Ctrl-Shift-V
• Other shortcuts can be found here
• for persistent terminal windows see ssh.md

System trace

• use strace for tracing system calls
• try strings first

Get BIOS Information

• sudo dmidecode

  grep “BIOS Information” -A10

  grep -e “Version:” -e “Vendor:”

Applications

• Application launch icons can be found in /usr/share/applications

Perf monitoring

• Useful link

Installation

• Followed instructions on Ubuntu site to burn USB stick to boot from
• Downloaded an ISO and put it on there
• Needs a live Internet connection apparently (uses DHCP)
• Couldn’t boot from the stick in Hyper-V because the USB drive has no pass-thru functionality (oddly)
• Installation straightforward
• Installed Chrome next (via Firefox)

Grub

• config in /etc/local/grub `

  Azure

• Create a new VM (Virtual Machines->Create) a. Setup Subscription, Resource Group and VM name as appropriate b. Security Type: Trusted Launch Virtual Machines i. Disable Secure Boot under “configured Security Features” ii. You can tell with the command “bootctl” c. Image: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS – x64 Gen 2 d. VM architecture: x64 e. Size: Standard_B2ms f. Use name and password authentication g. Allow inbound ports i. SSH (22) ii. RDP (3389) (set through networking settings) h. Set public IP address (in networking settings) i. Disk size: 64GB+ j. OS Disk Type: Standard SSD

• Setup RDP following these instructions (use public IP) a. (Use xrdp with Linux - Azure Virtual Machines | Microsoft Learn)
  1. Connect via RDP
  2. Optimize RDP using these instructions a. Optimizing RDP Performance (xrdp): (https://beye.blog/optimizing-rdp-performance-xrdp-lessons-learned-with-ubuntu-22-04/)
• Installing Xrdp: (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/linux/use-remote-desktop?tabs=azure-cli) ```

  Install XFCE using apt

  sudo apt-get update sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y install xfce4 sudo apt install xfce4-session

Install and configure a remote desktop server

sudo apt-get -y install xrdp sudo systemctl enable xrdp sudo adduser xrdp ssl-cert # Ubu 20 only echo xfce4-session >~/.xsession sudo systemctl restart xrdp

Open TCP 3389

Open RDP on Windows and connect to the IP address of the Xrdp server

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